OLFACTORY STEM CELLS AS A TREATMENT FOR DISORDERS OF THE BRAIN AND/OR MIND,
by Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D.,
Brain Research Laboratory, San Jose, California

OLFACTORY SUBSTANCE AS A TREATMENT FOR DISORDERS OF THE BRAIN AND/OR MIND

SUMMARY: Patent for the use and/or synthesis and/or transplantation and/or cloning of olfactory substances including olfactory epithelium and/or olfactory bulb and/or olfactory DNA and/or olfactory nerve cell and/or olfactory neurotransmitter and/or olfactory hormone and/or olfactory pheromone and/or olfactory growth factor, olfactory stem cells, and/or as yet unidentified olfactory-related factors for the treatment of brain damage and/or developmental and/or degenerative neurological disorders and/or Alzheimer's and/or Parkinson's diseases and/or related mental and/or neurological and/or psychiatric disturbances and/or memory loss and/or depression. This patent protection extends to the genetic manipulation of these substances and/or their employment as a genetic delivery system designed to alter nerve cell structure and/or nerve cell-DNA, and/or nerve function, and/or nerve division, and/or nerve reproduction.

Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. is seeking patent protection for his discovery regarding the curative effects of olfactory substances. Patent protection includes the use of the olfactory stem cells, olfactory epithelium and/or olfactory bulb and/or olfactory DNA and/or olfactory nerve cell and/or olfactory hormone and/or olfactory pheromone and/or olfactory neurotransmitter and/or olfactory growth factor and/or as yet unidentified olfactory trophic factors for treating brain damage and/or developmental and/or degenerative neurological disorders and/or Alzheimer's and/or Parkinson's diseases and/or related mental disorders such as memory loss and/or depression and/or psychiatric disturbances. This patent protection extends to the synthesis and/or genetic manipulation of olfactory tissue and substance including the transplantation and neural grafting of this substance into the brain for treating and/or curing brain related abnormalities and/or memory loss and/or developmental and/or degenerative neurological and/or Alzheimer's and/or Parkinson's diseases and/or psychiatric abnormalities. This patent protection extends to the genetic manipulation of these substances and/or their employment as a genetic delivery system designed to alter nerve cell structure and/or nerve cell-DNA and/or nerve function, and/or nerve division, and/or nerve reproduction.

FOUNDATION FOR PATENT PROTECTION: OVERVIEW

ANIMAL STUDIES & EXPERIMENTS

Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. has discovered that olfactory substances, olfactory stem cells, olfactory epithelium, and olfactory bulb contributes to the development of the forebrain and telencephalon. Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. has also discovered that the integrity of the olfactory system, epithelium, and/or olfactory bulb exert significant influences on maintaining the structural and functional viability of the brain, and that damage or destruction of this olfactory substance induces brain damage, neural atrophy, as well as memory loss.

Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. has also discovered that this olfactory substance and stem cells, when transplanted into an area of brain damage, retards neural degeneration and promotes neural recovery including the recovery of memory. Dr. Joseph has deduced that the olfactory system exerts a trophic or some other unknown hormonal, genetic or metabolic influence on the developing and developed brain, and that disturbances in this substance and/or these trophic and unknown factors are responsible for degenerative neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease.

Specifically, in a series of studies with rats, Dr. Joseph discovered that animals over 40 days of age, who had undergone the surgical removal of the olfactory bulb and related olfactory tissue at one day of age, subsequently demonstrated considerable neural atrophy and degeneration, especially within the frontal lobes. These animals also displayed significant impairments in learning and memory (as determined on a maze learning task). In addition, Dr. Joseph discovered that adult animal who had undergone the surgical removal of the olfactory bulb and related olfactory tissue at 40 days of age also displayed frontal lobe atrophy when examined at 70 days of age. Hence, Dr. Joseph has discovered that the olfactory system, olfactory stem cells, and as yet unknown olfactory factors, exerts a significant influence on brain development and in the maintenance of the functional viability of the brain including memory and learning.

In addition, Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D, surgically lesioned the right hippocampus of adult male rats and transplanted into the wound, olfactory tissue which had been removed from 1 day old rat pups. Dr. Joseph discovered that animals who had received the implant demonstrated superior learning and memory as compared to lesioned animals who had not undergone the transplant.

Dr. Joseph also discovered that animals who had received the transplant displayed less neural atrophy within the damage hippocampus as compared to those animals who did not receive the olfactory transplant. Hence, Dr. Joseph has discovered that the olfactory system and as yet unknown olfactory factors exert a curative effect on damaged forebrain tissue and promotes neural and memory recovery.

HUMAN STUDIES

Dr. Joseph is therefore seeking patent protection as his discoveries are uniquely applicable to the treatment of brain damage and developmental and degenerative neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and psychiatric disturbances. Moreover, Dr. Joseph's discoveries indicate that an abnormality within the olfactory system and/or in these as yet unknown trophic and growth promoting olfactory factors, may lead to neural degeneration, including disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.

Indeed, one of the earliest signs of disturbance among those with Alzheimer's and related neurological deteriorative disorders, is the loss of smell, which, of course is a function of the olfactory system. In addition, patients with Alzheimer's and related neurological deteriorative disorders, initially display neural atrophy within the rhincencephalon (the "nose brain") including what has been referred to as the "extended amygdala," i.e. the substantia innominata. The extended amygdala is a developmental and evolutionary derivative and/or extension of the olfactory system, as is the hippocampus, a major memory center. Moreover, the amygdala and extended amygdala play a significant role in social and emotional recognition, including the ability to recognize and remember family members. The failure to recognize family members is also a symptom of Alzheimer's and related neurological deteriorative disorders. In addition, the substantia innominata is involved in the production of hormones and neurotransmitters important in memory, and patients with Alzheimer's and related neurological deteriorative disorders display atrophy in this nucleus.

Thus, Dr. Joseph's discoveries uniquely explain the genesis of Alzheimer's and related neurological disorders, and lend themselves to the synthesis, cloning, and utilization of olfactory related factors and substances including stem cells for the purposes of curing and preventing these disturbances and related disorders of the brain and mental functioning. Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D., is therefore seeking patent protection for his discoveries and the use of olfactory tissue and as yet unknown olfactory substances, genes, or other olfactory related factors which may be exploited and utilized for the purposes of curing and treating brain damage and related mental disorders including memory loss. In addition, Dr. Joseph is seeking patent protection for the cloning, synthesis, genetic manipulation or transplantation of this oflactory tissue or olfactory-DNA for the purposes of curing or treating neurological damage and related disorders of mental functioning.

SUMMARY

In summary, Rhawn Joseph, Ph.D. is seeking patent protection for his discoveries regarding the role of olfactory substance and olfactory stem cells in brain, mental and psychiatric disturbances Patent protection is sought for the use and/or synthesis and/or transplantation and/or cloning of olfactory substance including olfactory epithelium and/or olfactory bulb and/or olfactory DNA and/or olfactory nerve cell and/or olfactory neurotransmitter and/or olfactory hormone and/or olfactory pheromone and/or olfactory growth factor and/or as yet unidentified olfactory-related factors for the treatment of brain damage and/or developmental and/or degenerative neurological disorders and/or Alzheimer's and/or Parkinson's diseases and/or related mental disturbances and/or memory loss and/or depression and/or psychiatric disturbances. This patent protection extends to the genetic manipulation of these substances and/or their employment as a genetic delivery system designed to alter nerve cell structure and/or nerve cell-DNA, and/or nerve function, and/or nerve division, and/or nerve reproduction. Patent protection is justified based on his research, his discoveries, and his extensive reviews and syntheses of the existing scientific literature.